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Essential information about protecting your eyes

1 Ultraviolet rays are the most dangerous type of radiation. The majority of UV rays are absorbed by the atmosphere, but the quantity filtered is very variable. Those people nearest the equator and at high altitude will be in a thinner atmosphere. The effects of UV radiation are increased if reflected by surfaces such as snow, sand and water .
2 Water reflects approximately 20% radiation and sand reflects approx 10%. Snow reflects 85% and the intensity of the UV rays increases by about 10% with every 1,000 metres of height gained. It is advisable to have high wrap glasses in the mountains. The higher the relative humidity, the more dangerous the radiation.
3 Children, especially very young children have more fragile eyes than adults. UV absorption is total in babies and high under 13 years.
4 The tint in sunglasses is protecting you against dazzle, which is necessary in itself but dazzle is not harmful to the eyes. Lenses can give total UV protection even when clear. Heavily tinted glasses can do more harm than good as they cause the pupil of the eye to dilate so much, allowing in a lot of UV if the glasses do not have an adequate UV rating.
5 Lenses that are declared as optically correct are able to transmit a laser beam through them to a centred target with complete accuracy, and not deflect the beam off at an angle. Some lenses cannot do that, which can result in you misjudging your step when walking and making errors when driving.

What is UV?

UV (Ultraviolet Radiation) consists of the short, invisible rays from the sun that reach the earth's surface. These rays contain three separate bands: UVA (315-380 nm), UVB (290-315 nm) and UVC (100-290 nm). UVC rays are absorbed by the earth's atmosphere and do not reach the earth's surface and therefore do not relate to sunglass performance. UVB rays are the " sunburn " rays. Exposure to UVB rays can potentially produce harmful effects to your eyes and may be associated with cataracts and retinal damage. UVA rays are mostly absorbed within the lens of the human eye, debate over the potential effects of UVA exposure continues within the industry. Sunglass standards place limits on UVA and UVB exposure . UV radiation is strongest at high altitudes, low latitudes and in open or reflective environments (sand, snow or water.)

EC Standards

There are five EC standards of protection against radiation in glasses.

Category 0	a clear lens for ordinary glasses and protection
Category 1	usually a yellow or orange lens, often worn by cyclists, and is for protection against grit from the road as well as for enhancing low light in winter
Category 2	usually a blue lens and will protect against sunlight but not at altitude or where there is reflection from sand and water
Category 3	the most common available for sunglasses and is good for low mountain altitudes, the seaside and bright days
Category 4	essential in high mountains above 3000 metres, regardless of whether there is any snow. These lenses are not recommended for driving as they are too dark